Why It Matters

Working in extreme heat can quickly lead to serious illnesses such as heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. Heat stroke is a medical emergency and can be fatal if not treated immediately.



Know the Risk Factors

• High temperatures and humidity
• Direct sunlight
• Heavy physical labor
• Wearing PPE or heavy clothing
• Not drinking enough water
• New employees or those not acclimated to the heat

Preventing Heat Illness

• Hydrate: Drink water every 15–20 minutes, even if you are not thirsty. Avoid energy drinks and excessive caffeine.
• Take Breaks: Rest in shaded or air-conditioned areas as needed.
• Dress Appropriately: Wear lightweight, light-colored clothing whenever your PPE requirements allow.
• Acclimate: Increase workload gradually over the first 7–14 days when returning to hot conditions.
• Use the Buddy System: Watch your coworkers for signs of heat illness.

Recognize the Symptoms

Heat Cramps

• Muscle cramps or spasms
• Heavy sweating

Heat Exhaustion

• Heavy sweating
• Weakness or fatigue
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Nausea or vomiting
• Cool, pale, clammy skin

Heat Stroke (Medical Emergency)

• Body temperature above 104°F
• Hot, red skin (may be dry or sweaty)
• Confusion or slurred speech
• Loss of consciousness
• Seizures

What to Do

If someone has heat exhaustion:

• Move them to a cool or shaded area.
• Loosen or remove excess clothing.
• Give cool water if they are alert.
• Apply cool, wet towels or ice packs.
• Stay with them and monitor their condition.

If someone shows signs of heat stroke:

• Call 911 immediately.
• Move them to a cool area.
• Cool them rapidly using ice packs, cold water, or wet towels.
• Do not give fluids if they are unconscious or confused.
• Stay with them until emergency responders arrive.